This bill requires the Department of Health and Human Services and Department of Defense to jointly develop a comprehensive 10-year strategy for maintaining adequate stockpiles of anthrax countermeasures—including vaccines, treatments, and preventive medicines—for both civilians and military personnel. The strategy must be completed within 180 days of the bill's enactment and address threats from foreign adversaries, terrorist organizations, and drug-resistant anthrax strains, while ensuring manufacturers of these countermeasures remain viable and sustainable. Within the same timeframe, the two departments must submit an initial report to Congress detailing the anthrax threat, current federal programs addressing it, and efforts to ensure military families overseas have access to these protections, followed by annual updates. The reports will be classified but may include unclassified summaries. The bill does not specify new funding amounts but directs coordination among relevant federal health and defense agencies to maintain national preparedness against anthrax bioterrorism.