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This bill directs the Government Accountability Office (GAO) to study anti-competitive contract clauses used between health insurers and healthcare providers within 18 months of passage. The study will examine four specific clause types—anti-steering, anti-tiering, all-or-nothing, and gag clauses—and assess their effects on industry consolidation, consumer prices, and access to care. The GAO will also document all enforcement actions taken by the Federal Trade Commission and Department of Justice against these practices and evaluate whether those agencies have adequate resources to enforce antitrust laws in this area. The report will include recommendations for any additional legislative or administrative measures needed to strengthen enforcement. The findings will be submitted to relevant committees in both the House and Senate, helping Congress determine if new protections are needed to promote competition in healthcare markets.

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