H.R. 3189 brings international albatross and petrel protections into U.S. law by implementing a 2001 global conservation agreement through comprehensive domestic safeguards and enforcement mechanisms. The bill prohibits harming or capturing these seabirds except in limited cases involving scientific research, indigenous practices, military operations, and emergency assistance, while requiring the Secretaries of Interior and Commerce to actively manage threats like invasive species, habitat loss, and fishing bycatch. Enforcement authority is assigned to both departments, with penalties matching those of existing fisheries and migratory bird laws, along with a requirement for Congress to receive status reports every four years. The bill also establishes international cooperation mechanisms including data sharing and technical assistance to partner countries, takes effect 180 days after passage, and makes clear that existing federal laws remain unchanged unless both agencies agree otherwise.