The Liquid Cooling for AI Act of 2025 directs the Government Accountability Office (GAO) to conduct a comprehensive study of liquid cooling systems used in artificial intelligence data centers and high-performance computing facilities. The bill responds to findings that data center electricity consumption has doubled since 2018 and is projected to reach 6.7 to 12.8 percent of total U.S. electricity by 2028, driven largely by AI growth, and that traditional air-cooling systems are becoming inadequate for managing the heat from powerful AI chips. The GAO must evaluate the research needs, costs and benefits, market adoption rates, and different cooling technologies (direct-to-chip and immersion cooling), then submit its findings within 90 days. The Department of Energy must then review the GAO's report and provide its own assessment with recommendations on federal research and development priorities within 180 days. The bill also establishes an advisory committee of industry experts, manufacturers, and government officials to inform the study, with no specific funding amount allocated in the legislation.
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