The Federal Animal Research Accountability Act of 2025 requires the National Institutes of Health to collect more detailed and transparent data on animal use in federally funded research. Research institutions receiving NIH funding must now submit annual reports breaking down the number of animals used by species and categorizing them by the level of pain or distress involved—from procedures with no pain to those where painkillers couldn't be used without compromising results. The NIH would then publish this information in a publicly searchable online database within three months of receiving each report, making animal research data accessible to the public and institutional animal care committees. The bill affects all biomedical and behavioral research entities that receive Public Health Service funds and use animals in their work. These new reporting requirements take effect two years after the law is enacted, giving institutions time to develop the necessary data collection systems.
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