The Emergency Response Authority Act authorizes state governors to order National Guard members performing Active Guard and Reserve duty to assist with disaster response efforts when a state declares an emergency. States must reimburse the federal government for the full cost of manpower for each day of disaster assistance provided, with payments made from state or other non-federal funds. National Guard members can perform up to 14 days of disaster duty per calendar year, though the Secretary of Defense may extend this to an additional 7 days for appropriate situations or 46 days if the disaster qualifies as a "catastrophic incident" under federal law. The bill includes protections limiting federal liability for National Guard actions during disaster response and allows the federal government to halt disaster assignments if a state falls more than 90 days behind on its reimbursement payments. The Department of Defense must issue implementing regulations within 180 days of the bill's enactment.
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