H.R. 3701 creates a formal legal structure for the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), an established group that recommends which vaccines Americans should receive. The committee will consist of 15-19 voting members with expertise in disease prevention, vaccine safety, and public health, plus six federal health agency representatives, and must meet at least three times per year to review new vaccines within 90 days of their approval. The bill requires the CDC Director to follow the committee's science-based recommendations, but allows the Director to reject recommendations if they lack peer-reviewed scientific evidence—with mandatory public explanation and notification to Congress within 48 hours. Any changes to the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program must be supported by scientific evidence. The bill authorizes $2.8 million annually through fiscal year 2029 to operate the committee.
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