This bill creates a new federal legal procedure to quickly dismiss lawsuits filed by foreign governments, their agents, or citizens from countries deemed hostile or engaged in frivolous litigation against Americans. The law targets so-called "strategic lawsuits against public participation" (SLAPPs)—cases designed primarily to silence free speech and political activities protected by the First Amendment rather than seek genuine legal relief. Defendants can file a special motion to dismiss such claims within 60 days, and courts must rule within 90 days; if successful, the defendant receives attorneys' fees and may recover punitive damages. The bill defines covered countries as those listed as foreign adversaries by federal regulations or identified by the Secretary of State as having engaged in frivolous litigation to suppress American free speech rights. The law takes effect immediately upon enactment and applies to all future lawsuits, with specific exceptions for commercial disputes, claims by U.S. government officials, and personal injury cases.
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