H.R. 4051 would suspend most direct U.S. government aid to South Africa unless the State Department certifies that the country has stopped supporting international legal actions against Israel, implemented anti-corruption reforms, and engaged constructively with U.S. diplomats on international legal standards. The bill also authorizes the President to impose targeted sanctions on South African officials who promote antisemitic policies, misuse international courts to target Israel or Jewish individuals, or engage in corruption. The legislation carves out exceptions for humanitarian aid and public health programs run by nonprofit organizations, and requires the Secretary of State to submit a detailed report within 90 days identifying all South African legal, diplomatic, and rhetorical actions against Israel and Jews over the past five years, with annual updates for three years. The aid suspension and sanctions would end once the President certifies that South Africa has ceased politically motivated legal actions against U.S. allies, reformed its institutions to prevent abuse of international law, and improved cooperation with the United States and its democratic partners. The bill does not restrict private aid, diplomatic engagement, or trade agreements unrelated to the specified conduct.