H.R. 4165 requires the federal government to develop two new strategies as part of its National Health Security Strategy: a biological attribution strategy to identify the sources and origins of biological threats, and an early warning system to detect biological, chemical, and radiological threats as early as possible. The biological attribution strategy must clarify which federal agencies handle different threat levels, establish timelines and milestones for building detection capabilities, and promote development of new diagnostic and sequencing technologies through partnerships with the private sector and academia. The early warning strategy must create robust detection systems using wastewater monitoring, airport screening, and other surveillance methods to identify emerging threats quickly and support rapid deployment during health emergencies. The bill requires the Department of Health and Human Services Secretary to coordinate these efforts across relevant federal agencies, including intelligence and national security offices, and to consult with state and local health officials to eliminate duplication and waste. No specific funding amounts or implementation deadlines are included in the bill text.