The Energy Security Pacts Act authorizes the Secretary of State to negotiate multiyear agreements, called Energy Security Pacts, with eligible foreign countries to strengthen energy and critical mineral supply chains and counter economic coercion from adversaries like China. Eligible partner countries must generally be lower or middle-income nations that either hold strategically important critical mineral deposits or face security threats from adversarial encroachment into their energy systems, and they cannot be countries designated as national security threats. The bill creates a new Director for Energy Security Pacts within the State Department to lead negotiations, along with an interagency Energy Security Pacts Council composed of officials from agencies like the Department of Energy, Commerce, Defense, and development finance institutions to coordinate these efforts. Each pact can last up to ten years, requires congressional notification before finalization, and must include specific economic and energy objectives, funding plans, and safeguards against harming U.S. jobs or the environment. The authority to create new pacts expires 15 years after enactment, and the Government Accountability Office must evaluate the program's effectiveness annually starting two years after passage.
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