The Primacy Certainty Act of 2025 streamlines the federal approval process for states seeking to regulate underground injection of carbon dioxide (Class VI wells) under the Safe Drinking Water Act. The bill establishes firm timelines for the Environmental Protection Agency to review state applications: the EPA must make a decision within 180 days of receiving a state's submission and must notify states of any deficiencies within 90 days. If the EPA fails to approve or deny a complete application within 210 days total, the state's application is automatically approved, provided the state already operates injection control programs for other well types. The bill also requires the EPA to designate a single coordinator for each state's Class VI well program and to work expeditiously with states before they submit applications. Within 90 days of enactment, the EPA must report to Congress on whether it has adequate staff and funding to meet these new requirements, with the costs potentially covered by existing Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act funds. This legislation primarily affects states seeking to establish carbon dioxide storage programs and the EPA's regulatory timeline.
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