S. 501 requires the Secretary of Health and Human Services to develop a comprehensive strategy within 180 days for protecting public health from threats posed by the misuse of artificial intelligence. The strategy must identify specific risks—including AI being used to develop biological weapons or design drug-resistant pathogens—and establish a framework for preparedness and response. The bill directs the Secretary to work with stakeholders, including companies developing medical countermeasures and AI experts, to identify gaps in public health capabilities and propose solutions to strengthen emergency response systems. The strategy will be submitted to Congress in a way that protects national security information, and the legislation integrates AI threat preparedness into the existing federal all-hazards public health emergency response system. No specific funding amount is allocated in the bill; it focuses on strategic planning and coordination among federal health agencies.