119th (2025–2027)
S. 5076
This bill would fundamentally restructure the Supreme Court by establishing a system where the President appoints one new justice every two years during their term, with these appointments occurring in the first and third years of each presidential administration. The Court would expand beyond nine justices, with only the nine most recently appointed justices hearing most cases, while additional justices would handle only original jurisdiction cases and other special duties. The legislation would require Senate confirmation for all appointments and would take effect at the start of the next presidential term following enactment. The bill aims to regularize the appointment process, which currently occurs only when justices retire or die, and would ensure more predictable turnover on the nation's highest court. No specific funding is required since the changes involve personnel and procedural adjustments to an existing institution.