H.R. 5085 would speed up housing construction by exempting federal actions related to "infill housing"—residential development on vacant or underutilized urban sites—from the lengthy environmental review process required by the National Environmental Policy Act. The bill defines eligible infill housing as projects on sites no larger than 20 acres in urban areas that have already undergone environmental site assessments to confirm the land is safe for development. The exemption would not apply to projects in areas designated as high-risk for wildfires, coastal flooding, or riverine flooding by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Additionally, the bill requires FEMA to update its natural hazard risk assessments every three years instead of every five years, helping keep flood and wildfire risk data more current.