The BLADE Act aims to protect advanced American artificial intelligence models from theft by foreign adversaries. The bill prohibits "model extraction attacks," which occur when foreign entities—particularly from China, Russia, and other designated countries—attempt to steal the technical features of closed-source AI models through unauthorized access, fraudulent accounts, or circumventing security controls. Within 180 days of enactment, the Commerce Department must assess which foreign entities are conducting these attacks and identify fraudulent account providers facilitating them, then submit findings to Congress within 210 days. The bill establishes enforcement mechanisms including adding offending entities to an export control list and authorizing the President to impose economic sanctions blocking their property and transactions in the United States, with exceptions for humanitarian aid and authorized government activities. The legislation also requires the government to publish best practices for detecting and preventing these attacks and to establish a confidential information-sharing mechanism between private AI companies and federal agencies.