The Pakistan Freedom and Accountability Act directs the President to identify senior Pakistani government, military, and security officials responsible for human rights violations and undermining democracy, and authorizes sanctions against them within 180 days of the law's enactment. The bill responds to concerns about Pakistan's 2024 elections—which observers said were marred by electoral violence, restrictions on freedoms of expression and assembly, and alleged military interference—as well as recent Pakistani actions including constitutional amendments that increased political influence over the judiciary and expanded military detention powers. The President may impose sanctions under the Global Magnitsky Act against identified officials and entities they control, though exceptions exist for humanitarian aid, international obligations, and authorized U.S. intelligence activities. The legislation represents congressional support for democracy and human rights in Pakistan and calls on the State Department to strengthen engagement on these issues. The act expires on September 30, 2030.