The Western Water Reinvestment Act establishes a new federal program providing payments to farmers in Western states who create and maintain habitats for waterbirds and shorebirds, with annual funding capped at $3.5 million between 2027 and 2031. The program, administered by the Interior Department, will only fund habitats that would not otherwise be created or maintained, and requires biennial reporting to Congress on environmental outcomes. The bill also reauthorizes the Deschutes River Conservancy Working Group in Oregon through 2032, expanding its governing board to include 10 to 15 members with required representation from environmental organizations, agricultural interests, the Warm Springs Tribes, hydroelectric producers, and government agencies. The restructuring raises the group's administrative cost cap from 5 percent to 10 percent of its budget, allowing greater flexibility in operations. Overall, the legislation aims to improve water management and habitat conservation in Western states through both direct farmer incentives and enhanced regional coordination.