The Student Voter Data Protection Act would prohibit colleges and universities from sharing student personal information, including directory information like names and contact details, for purposes related to measuring voter registration or voting rates without explicit written consent from each student. The bill also creates a new restriction preventing postsecondary institutions from selling any student education records or directory information to third parties without prior, informed, written consent. Schools that violate these prohibitions would lose access to federal funding under applicable education programs. The legislation amends the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974, which already provides some privacy protections for student records, by adding stricter requirements specifically around student voter data and the sale of directory information. This bill affects college and university students and the institutions they attend, with no specific funding amounts or implementation timelines mentioned in the legislation.