The Wildland Firefighter Health and Safety Act establishes a comprehensive federal framework to protect wildland firefighters—including federal employees from the Forest Service and Department of the Interior, as well as contracted firefighters working with tribal nations—from occupational hazards including smoke exposure, hazardous materials, and mental health risks. The bill creates a new interagency Task Force to coordinate health and safety efforts and develop protective standards within one year, establishes a Federal Wildland Firefighter Health and Wellbeing Program to provide medical surveillance and screening, and creates a specialized office within the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health to research safety technologies and conduct long-term health studies. The legislation also improves workers' compensation claims processing through a dedicated unit trained in firefighting-related illnesses and requires independent Government Accountability Office reviews every two years to assess program effectiveness. Total authorized funding is approximately $60.5 million annually through fiscal year 2032 for these coordinated efforts to improve firefighter health outcomes and workplace safety.