The New Essential Education Discoveries Act of 2026 creates a new National Center for Advanced Development in Education within the Institute of Education Sciences to identify and promote educational innovations, including new teaching methods, technologies, and assessment tools designed to help struggling students and address achievement gaps in math and reading. The center will be led by a Commissioner who can award grants and contracts to public and private entities and share research findings with teachers, administrators, and parents. The bill also establishes a grant program to help states build and maintain statewide data systems that track student progress from early childhood through the workforce while protecting privacy, with grants lasting up to four years and renewable for an additional two years. An eight to twelve member advisory panel will provide annual reports to Congress evaluating education research and teaching advances with a focus on opportunity gaps. The bill authorizes federal funding through fiscal year 2031 for the new center and ongoing appropriations beginning in fiscal year 2027 to support state data systems.