The Agricultural Act of 2026 is a comprehensive farm bill that reauthorizes and updates USDA programs across commodities, conservation, trade, nutrition, credit, rural development, research, forestry, energy, horticulture, crop insurance, and related agricultural policy through fiscal year 2031, extending most existing program funding authorizations from their current 2023 expiration dates. Farmers and ranchers benefit from higher loan limits, expanded tree assistance and disaster programs, new heirs' property and commercial fishing loan eligibility, and broadened crop insurance research and coverage, while conservation provisions strengthen easement programs for wetlands and forests, streamline technical assistance, and create a farmer-to-farmer mentorship network. Rural communities gain from expanded broadband deployment (including a new "Last Acre" program for farmland connectivity), water infrastructure and drinking-water safety grants, rural hospital and childcare investment programs, and wildfire/forestry management updates including new wilderness designations in Virginia and Illinois. SNAP recipients and retailers are affected by nutrition title changes including permanent online purchasing, mandatory EBT chip-card cybersecurity upgrades, hot food eligibility expansion, and new state cost-sharing rules tied to error rates, alongside stronger Buy American school meal requirements. Additional provisions restore mandatory country-of-origin labeling for beef, reform biofuel and E15 fuel regulations, strengthen whistleblower protections in commodity markets, and fund numer