The SCALE Biology Act establishes a new measurement research program at the National Institute of Standards and Technology focused on engineering biology, biomanufacturing, and biotechnology. The program, called the Biometrology Laboratory Program, will develop technical standards, guidelines, and best practices to improve the accuracy and reliability of biological data and materials used in these industries. The initiative aims to support innovation and competitiveness in the bioeconomy while ensuring the safe, secure, and responsible development of biological technologies. The Director of NIST must submit an implementation plan within one year and a progress report within three years, and will coordinate with other federal agencies, universities, industry partners, and Manufacturing USA institutes to advance this research. The bill does not specify dedicated funding amounts but authorizes NIST to carry out these activities with emphasis on engaging minority-serving institutions, historically Black colleges and universities, and Tribal colleges in the research effort.