The Barriers to Suicide Act of 2026 directs the Secretary of Transportation to establish a competitive grant program providing federal funding to install suicide prevention nets, barriers, and other evidence-based deterrents on bridges, buildings, parking garages, highway-rail crossings, and rail stations. States, territories, tribal nations, and other eligible entities can apply for grants covering up to 80 percent of project costs, with priority given to areas with high suicide rates. The bill authorizes $10 million annually from 2026 through 2030 for the grant program and modifies the National Highway Performance Program to explicitly include bridge safety barriers and nets. Additionally, the legislation requires the Government Accountability Office to conduct a one-year study examining which non-bridge structures are frequently used for suicide attempts, which types of prevention nets and barriers are most effective, and the costs associated with installing them.