The STOP Neglected Diseases of Poverty Act establishes a comprehensive federal strategy to address neglected diseases of poverty, primarily parasitic and bacterial infections like Chagas disease and dengue fever that disproportionately affect low-income Americans. The legislation creates an Interagency Task Force comprising representatives from seven federal departments including Health and Human Services, State, Agriculture, Housing and Urban Development, EPA, and Defense to coordinate prevention, treatment, and diagnosis efforts. Within 180 days, the task force must submit a report identifying gaps in surveillance and treatment capabilities and recommend strategies for affordable drug and diagnostic development. The bill also establishes federally funded centers of excellence through grants of up to five years, renewable based on peer review, to support research, clinical training, diagnostics development, and public health education efforts at eligible organizations. All activities will be coordinated through the National Institutes of Health and related federal task forces to ensure a unified approach to addressing these diseases among vulnerable populations.