The NEST Act requires the Department of Health and Human Services to distribute newborn supply kits to mothers of newborns through grants to eligible organizations like nonprofits, health centers, tribal organizations, and hospitals. Each kit includes essential items for infant care and postpartum recovery, such as diapers, wipes, hygiene products, postpartum supplies, breastfeeding materials, a blood pressure monitor, and educational information about maternal health resources and programs. The program prioritizes serving low-income mothers, rural communities, and areas with high maternal mortality rates. The legislation authorizes $5 million annually from 2027 through 2031 and requires the department to report on the program's reach and outcomes, including information on which mothers were served and the program's impact on maternal and infant health.