This bill requires the federal government to conduct specialized surveys of drug prices at non-retail pharmacies, such as mail-order and specialty pharmacies that dispense medications requiring special handling. The surveys would measure what these pharmacies actually pay for drugs to establish fair reimbursement rates for Medicaid, separate from the existing surveys of retail pharmacy prices. The legislation applies to specialty pharmacies that receive Medicaid payments and requires them to report pricing data to the government, with penalties for non-compliance. The bill appropriates nine million dollars annually starting in fiscal year 2027 to conduct these surveys, plus an additional five million dollars in 2027 for the Office of the Inspector General to oversee the data and study pricing variations. The requirement takes effect 18 months after the law is enacted, with new guidance on which pharmacies must participate expected by January 2028.