The GME Transparency Act of 2026 requires hospitals that receive Medicare funding for graduate medical education programs to report detailed information about the citizenship status of their medical residents. Hospitals must submit deidentified data to the Department of Health and Human Services within 180 days of each fiscal year, categorizing residents by their immigration status including U.S. citizens, permanent residents, exchange visitors, H-1B visa holders, and other lawfully present individuals. The secretary must then compile this information and submit an annual report to Congress within 270 days of the fiscal year's end, breaking down the data by state and showing both the number and percentage of residents in each citizenship category. Hospitals that fail to submit the required information would lose eligibility for Medicare graduate medical education payments. The reporting requirement begins in the first fiscal year following the law's enactment and continues annually thereafter.