This bill reauthorizes and expands a federal pilot program that helps states build and maintain their own medical stockpiles for public health emergencies. The legislation extends funding through fiscal year 2031 and allows states to coordinate with each other to share best practices and potentially establish regional stockpiles in addition to state-specific ones. The bill also requires federal officials overseeing the Public Health Emergency Medical Countermeasures Enterprise to consult with state, local, tribal, and territorial public health departments, rather than doing so only "as appropriate." Additionally, it directs the Government Accountability Office to study the effectiveness of regional stockpiling approaches as part of its oversight activities. The bill affects state and local public health officials, health care providers, and emergency management officials who will be involved in coordinating these stockpiling efforts.