H.R. 5727, the End Racial and Religious Profiling Act of 2025, prohibits law enforcement agencies from making stops or investigative decisions based on race, ethnicity, national origin, religion, gender, gender identity, or sexual orientation, except when based on specific information about an actual crime. The bill creates federal civil enforcement mechanisms allowing individuals or the government to sue for relief and establishes that statistical evidence of disparate impact can prove violations. To enforce these protections, the bill requires federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies to collect and maintain standardized data on stops and investigations for four years, organized by demographic characteristics, which must be submitted to the Department of Justice for analysis. The Bureau of Justice Statistics will analyze the data for statistical disparities and publish annual public reports to Congress, while privacy protections ensure that officer and individual identifying information remains confidential except during litigation or Freedom of Information Act requests. This legislation aims to create transparency and accountability in law enforcement practices nationwide.
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