The One Citizen, One Seat Act would require the Census Bureau to recount the 2020 decennial census population by state, counting only U.S. citizens rather than the total population currently recorded. Within 60 days of the bill's enactment, the Commerce Secretary would provide each state with these revised population figures. Starting 60 days after receiving their revised counts, states would be required to use only the citizen-based population numbers for all purposes where they previously used total population data—including for federal funding decisions—or face losing federal grant eligibility. The bill directly affects states' federal funding allocations and congressional representation, as both are typically apportioned based on decennial census population counts. No specific funding is allocated in this legislation; instead, it creates a compliance requirement tied to existing federal grants.
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