H.R. 5909 requires the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to establish a system allowing tenants to report when federally assisted rental housing has been condemned by local, state, or federal authorities, with the reporting procedures to be in place within six months of the bill's enactment. The bill authorizes HUD to impose civil penalties of up to $50,000 on owners of condemned federally assisted housing. The legislation applies broadly to rental housing receiving federal assistance through numerous programs, including public housing, Section 8 rental assistance, low-income housing tax credits, veterans' housing programs, homeless assistance programs, and rural housing programs. The bill aims to improve accountability and protect tenants living in federally funded housing by ensuring that condemned conditions are reported and that property owners face financial consequences for maintaining uninhabitable units.