H.R. 6877, the Southern Mongolian Human Rights Policy Act, establishes U.S. policy to protect fundamental freedoms and cultural rights for Southern Mongolians, including freedom of expression, religion, and assembly, while opposing arbitrary detention and discrimination. The bill directs U.S. Treasury officials to work with international financial institutions to support economic development projects in Southern Mongolian autonomous regions only if they respect traditional pastoralist practices and don't encourage non-Mongolian migration, and encourages the State and Commerce Departments to develop guidelines for American companies operating in these areas—particularly mining firms—to ensure compliance with human rights standards. Within 180 days, the State and Commerce Departments must jointly report to Congress on how large-scale rare earth mineral mining in Inner Mongolia, particularly the Bayan-Obo mine, has led to forced displacement and environmental damage while affecting U.S. national security interests. Overall, the bill pressures the Chinese government to uphold autonomy rights already guaranteed under China's own constitution and laws while promoting economic self-determination for Southern Mongolians.