The FAIR MAP Act seeks to reform congressional redistricting and elections across several key areas. The bill requires states to draw congressional districts that are contiguous, compact, and competitive—prohibiting partisan gerrymandering—while basing district populations on citizens and immigrants with legal status only, excluding undocumented immigrants from the apportionment count starting with the 2030 census. It limits states to one redistricting cycle per decade unless courts order changes for constitutional or voting rights compliance, and shifts jurisdiction of redistricting challenges to federal courts. Additionally, the bill prohibits ranked choice voting in federal elections, requires photo identification for in-person voting and signature verification for mail-in voting in federal elections, and bans same-day voter registration for federal contests. The restrictions on voting and redistricting apply immediately upon enactment, though the apportionment change takes effect in 2030, and the bill explicitly preserves states' authority over their own local and state elections.