The VA Fiscal Management Modernization Act restructures financial oversight at the Department of Veterans Affairs by renaming the Assistant Secretary for Management to Assistant Secretary for Planning and Budget and expanding their authority as the department's Chief Financial Officer. The bill creates a new Office of Planning and Budget, increases the number of deputy assistant secretary positions from 19 to 21, and establishes a specialized Legislative and Congressional Budget Information Office, limited to six staff, dedicated solely to providing Congress with accurate financial and budget information upon request. It also centralizes reporting for financial officers across VA administrations and regional networks, requiring them to report directly to the Chief Financial Officer rather than to local management, while barring them from performing operational duties. These organizational changes would take effect within 180 days of enactment but are designed to sunset after five years unless renewed. Separately, the bill makes a minor technical change extending a pension payment limitation deadline from January 31, 2033, to December 31, 2033. Overall, the bill primarily affects VA's internal management structure and financial reporting processes rather than veterans' benefits directly, aiming to improve budget transparency and congressional oversight of VA spending.