The Government Surveillance Reform Act of 2026 comprehensively restricts how federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies conduct surveillance and handle personal data. The bill extends Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act through April 2030 while significantly limiting its use, prohibits federal agencies from purchasing personal data from commercial data brokers except through court orders, requires data destruction within five years, and establishes strict minimization procedures to prevent collection of unnecessary information. The legislation strengthens judicial oversight by expanding the role of privacy experts in reviewing surveillance applications, creates legal standing for Americans to challenge surveillance in court, prohibits "reverse targeting" of Americans through foreign surveillance, and mandates congressional notification when immunity is granted to companies assisting with warrantless surveillance. Additionally, the bill establishes separate and stricter rules for federal agencies compared to state and local law enforcement, enhances transparency through expanded reporting requirements, and creates accountability measures including employee discipline for surveillance law violations, with agencies permitted up to one year to implement the changes.