The Biotech Investment National Security Act of 2026 modifies federal law to screen outbound American investments in biotechnology for national security concerns, similar to existing oversight of semiconductors and artificial intelligence. The bill adds biotechnology—including pharmaceutical development, biologics manufacturing, and drug discovery platforms—to the list of technologies that require government review under the Defense Production Act. This would apply to licensing agreements, joint ventures, and equity investments involving American companies and foreign entities, particularly those controlled by China, which Congress found has received approximately $136 billion in cross-border pharmaceutical licensing deals from U.S. and European firms in 2025. Within one year of enactment, the Treasury Secretary must issue detailed rules defining what biotechnology transactions trigger mandatory government notification or outright prohibition, with input from the Departments of Defense and Health and Human Services. Additionally, the Defense Department must submit a report to Congress within 60 days of enactment assessing whether U.S. capital flowing to China's biotech sector poses risks to American national security and military readiness.
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