This bill directs NASA to accelerate its development and use of nuclear propulsion and power systems for deep space exploration missions to the Moon and Mars. Within 180 days of enactment, NASA must submit updated plans for its space nuclear programs, including timelines for demonstrations of radioisotope heater units by the end of 2028, radioisotope power systems by the end of 2030, and a fission surface power system by the end of 2030. The bill also establishes a framework for NASA to potentially purchase power generated on the lunar surface from private companies through competitive agreements, with a deadline of October 1, 2030 for entering into such agreements, and requires NASA to assess how to protect commercial partners from liability when they support nuclear space activities. Within 120 days, NASA must also report on the agency's power needs on the lunar surface over the next decade to inform these commercial partnerships.
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