The Health DATA Act of 2026 amends federal law governing employer-sponsored health plans to increase transparency and protect workers. The bill requires health plans to have audit rights over de-identified claims data from healthcare providers, insurers, pharmacies, and other service providers, allowing plans to verify compliance with contract terms and check if payments are reasonable. These audits cannot be unreasonably restricted, and providers cannot charge excessive fees for producing requested information. The legislation also prohibits discrimination against plan participants or beneficiaries based on health plan data, with violations subject to civil penalties of $100 per day per affected person. Additionally, the bill clarifies that plan fiduciaries have a duty to safeguard and manage data generated during plan administration. The bill establishes enforcement mechanisms through the Department of Labor and allows participants to sue directly without first exhausting administrative remedies for discrimination violations.