This bill requires data center operators to report their energy and water consumption to state governments or federal agencies, beginning one year after enactment. Data centers with a peak power demand of at least 25 megawatts must submit annual reports detailing their electricity and water usage for the previous year, along with five-year projections and efficiency improvement plans. Companies planning to build new data centers or expand existing ones above the 25-megawatt threshold must also file reports with projected energy and water impacts. States can establish their own reporting programs and collect fees from operators to fund data collection, while states without such programs defer to federal reporting through the Environmental Protection Agency, Department of Energy, and Department of Agriculture. The EPA and these two departments will publish annual public reports aggregating national and regional data center energy and water use, along with environmental impacts and recommendations for best practices, while data center operators face potential fines of $20,000 per day for failing to comply with federal reporting requirements.