This bill amends the 2025 National Defense Authorization Act to exempt military installations that are undergoing a mission transition from Pentagon guidance that requires maintaining the total square footage of Department of Defense facilities. The exemption allows these specific installations to reduce or reconfigure their physical footprint without being required to offset those reductions elsewhere in the military's real estate portfolio. The legislation applies to installations experiencing mission transitions as of the bill's enactment date. No specific funding or timeline requirements are included in the bill itself, as it simply modifies existing guidance parameters rather than authorizing new spending.

The Main Street Depositor Protection Act expands federal deposit insurance to cover noninterest-bearing transaction accounts—checking accounts that pay no interest—at banks and credit unions. Currently, these accounts are only insured up to $250,000, but this bill would increase coverage to a maximum amount between $250,000 and $5,000,000, to be determined by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation within six months of enactment. The expanded coverage applies to regular banks and credit unions, but excludes accounts at systemically important large banks and foreign bank branches. Banks with $10 billion or less in assets would be exempted from special insurance assessments during a 10-year transition period, after which coverage would gradually phase in over time. The legislation aims to protect small business owners and ordinary Americans who hold larger deposits in checking accounts used for payroll and operational expenses.

Public Company Advisory Committee Act of 2026This bill establishes the Public Company Advisory Committee within the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).The committee must advise the SEC on regulatory priorities, public reporting and corporate governance of public companies, shareholder meetings and the proxy process, and other topics. The committee must be comprised of individuals who are officers, directors, or senior officials of public companies; have senior managerial responsibility in associations that represent the interests of public companies; or provide professional advice and services to public companies.

Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Reauthorization Act of 2025 or the Weather Act Reauthorization Act of 2025This bill reauthorizes, revises, and establishes several programs related to weather forecasting, monitoring, and research. For example, the bill reauthorizes through FY2030 programs that are administered by the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), including the U.S. Weather Research Program. It also provides statutory authority for NOAA's Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment (known as VORTEX-USA).The bill also requires NOAA to establish programs that support weather forecasting technology, including improvements to radar accuracy, weather forecasting in underserved areas, and coastal flooding forecasting. NOAA must also acquire weather-related data from the private sector and establish a pilot program to test the compatibility of this data with NOAA infrastructure. In addition, NOAA must improve weather-related communication systems, including those related to hazardous weather events, through system upgrades that use more modern technology (e.g., cloud-based services) and that allow for expanded coverage (e.g., in rural areas).Finally, NOAA must administer programs that support weather forecasting for agricultural and water management, including pilot programs to improve precipitation forecasts in the western and central states and a soil moisture monitoring network.

The MINT Act of 2025 makes two main changes to U.S. coin production: it allows the 5-cent coin (nickel) to be made from a new composition of zinc and nickel instead of only copper and nickel, and it eliminates production of the one-cent coin (penny). The bill authorizes the Treasury Secretary to develop the new nickel composition if it reduces manufacturing costs. All pennies minted before this law takes effect will remain legal tender, but the government will stop making circulating pennies going forward, though the Treasury may still produce them as special collectible numismatic items. This legislation affects everyday commerce by removing the lowest-value circulating coin from regular production while maintaining the value of existing pennies already in circulation.

H.R. 3816, the Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Reauthorization Act of 2025, significantly strengthens the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) weather research, forecasting, and warning capabilities while expanding commercial opportunities for private weather data providers. The bill authorizes funding ranging from $163.8 million to $170.4 million annually through fiscal year 2030 for weather research programs, including tornado and radar modernization, tsunami warning systems, and new initiatives focused on atmospheric rivers, coastal flooding, extreme precipitation, and agricultural forecasting. Key provisions modernize NOAA's computing infrastructure with investments in artificial intelligence and machine learning, establish new programs for heat health information and harmful algal bloom monitoring, require replacement of outdated internal communications systems by October 2027, and create numerous public-private partnerships to improve weather observation networks and data collection. The legislation also mandates improved public communication of weather warnings, expanded NOAA Weather Radio coverage in rural areas, and coordination across multiple federal agencies to enhance weather services affecting farmers, emergency managers, coastal communities, and aviation safety.

This bill codifies two innovation initiatives at federal financial regulators into law. It requires the Securities and Exchange Commission to formally establish the Strategic Hub for Innovation and Financial Technology (FinHub), which will serve as a resource for the agency on emerging financial technologies and facilitate communication between the SEC and fintech companies. Similarly, the bill codifies LabCFTC at the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, establishing a dedicated office led by a director that will promote responsible fintech innovation, provide education to regulators and the industry, and serve as an outreach point for emerging technology companies to understand CFTC rules and get feedback on regulatory issues. Both agencies must complete setup within 180 days and submit annual reports to Congress detailing their engagement activities, recommendations, and the number of companies they meet with, while protecting confidential business information. The bill affects fintech companies, financial regulators, and the broader financial services industry by creating permanent structures to bridge communication between innovators and government oversight agencies.

This bill requires companies that buy invoices from small businesses (a practice called factoring) to clearly explain the deal terms in writing before the small business signs on, but only for agreements under $500,000. The written disclosure must spell out key details: the discount applied to the invoice value, all fees involved, any money the company holds in reserve, how long the agreement lasts, and a worked example showing how much the small business would actually receive for a $10,000 invoice. The bill applies to factoring providers engaged in interstate commerce and preempts state laws that would add additional disclosure requirements beyond what this federal bill mandates. No specific funding or implementation timeline is included in the legislation.

Aviation Education Remaining Operational Act or the AERO ActThis bill directs the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to continue FAA Academy operations in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, including air traffic controller training, during a lapse in FAA appropriations that results in a government shutdown or an emergency furlough.If such a lapse in FAA appropriations occurs, the bill also exempts from furlough (1) all FAA employees providing services at the academy, and (2) students who are completing training at the academy and are FAA employees. This exemption requires the employees to continue working during a government shutdown.

Agricultural Risk Review Act of 2025This bill makes changes to the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS), including by requiring CFIUS to determine whether a national security review is necessary for reportable agricultural land transactions that are referred by the Department of Agriculture (USDA). (CFIUS oversees the national security risks of certain foreign investment in the United States. CFIUS has the authority to review covered transactions, which include mergers, acquisitions, and takeovers that could result in foreign control of a U.S. business; certain investments in businesses involved in critical technologies, critical infrastructure, or sensitive personal data; and certain real estate transactions.)Specifically, the bill directs CFIUS to, after receiving notification from USDA, determine (1) whether a reportable agricultural land transaction is a covered transaction, and (2) whether CFIUS should initiate a national security review or take another action with respect to the transaction. Reportable agricultural land transaction means a transaction (1) that USDA has reason to believe is a covered transaction, based on information from or in cooperation with the intelligence community; (2) that involves the acquisition of an interest in agricultural land by a foreign person of China, North Korea, Russia, or Iran; and (3) with respect to which a foreign person is required to submit a report to USDA regarding their agricultural land transactions.The bill also expands CFIUS to include the Secretary of Agriculture for covered transactions that involve agricultural land, agricultural biotechnology, or the agriculture industry (e.g., agricultural transportation, storage, and processing).

Pressure Regulatory Organizations To End Chinese Threats to Taiwan Act or the PROTECT Taiwan Act This bill requires certain federal entities to seek to exclude China from six international financial organizations if the President informs Congress that China's actions threaten Taiwan and pose a danger to U.S. interests.Specifically, the bill establishes that it is U.S. policy to seek to exclude Chinese representatives from participating in the activities of six international organizations if the President informs Congress that China's actions pose any (1) threat to Taiwan's security, economic system, or social system; and (2) danger to U.S. interests.The six specified organizations are the Group of Twenty,the Bank for International Settlements,the Financial Stability Board,the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision,the International Association of Insurance Supervisors, andthe International Organization of Securities Commissions.In the event that the President so informs Congress, the bill requires the Department of the Treasury, the Federal Reserve, and the Securities and Exchange Commission to take all necessary steps to advance the exclusion policy.The President may waive the application of this policy to an organization if doing so is in the national interest of the United States.

Commercial Remote Sensing Amendment Act of 2025This bill makes certain changes related to the licensing of private remote sensing space systems. (Under current regulations, remote sensing refers to the collection of data by instruments in Earth's orbit, such as satellites, that can be processed into imagery of Earth's surface; private remote sensing space systems refer to remote sensing instruments not owned by the U.S. government.)The bill decreases from 120 to 60 days the amount of time in which the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration must review and act on an application for a license to operate a private remote sensing space system.Further, the bill expands annual reporting on the licensing of private remote sensing space systems to include a list of all applications, organized by tier, as well as the rationale for each tier categorization. (Currently, each license is categorized into one of three tiers based on whether the system produces or is capable of producing data that is already available from other entities). Additionally, the report must include all terms, conditions, or restrictions placed on licensees.The bill also reinstates this annual reporting requirement, which expired on September 30, 2020, through September 30, 2030.

DOE and USDA Interagency Research ActThis bill requires the Department of Energy and Department of Agriculture to carry out cross-cutting and collaborative research and development activities through the establishment of an interagency agreement.The agencies are authorized to (1) carry out reimbursable agreements in order to maximize research and development effectiveness, and (2) collaborate with other federal agencies. Further, the interagency agreement must require the use of a competitive, merit-reviewed process, which considers applications from federal agencies, national laboratories, institutions of higher education, and nonprofit institutions.Research and development activities may includecollaborative research in a variety of focus areas such as machine learning and artificial intelligence, biofuels and biobased products, grid modernization and security, rural technology development, and wildfire risks and prevention;developing methods to accommodate large voluntary standardized and integrated data sets on agricultural, environmental, supply chain, and economic information;supporting research infrastructure and workforce development; andcollaborative research and development on ways to improve agriculture operations and processing efficiencies, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Retirement Fairness for Charities and Educational Institutions Act of 2025This bill allows 403(b) retirement plans (i.e., retirement plans designed for certain employees of public schools, charities, and churches) to invest in collective investment trusts, which are a group of pooled investment assets held by a bank or trust company, and in insurance company separate accounts.